With a samurai theme and thousands of quality casino games, is KatsuBet Casino sharper than a Katana blade? Our experts explored every corner of this online casino in Canada. Learn about the full range of games to play, and how you can get instant payouts, and we identify all the VIP perks.
How We Rate
At CasinoBonusCA, we evaluate casinos objectively based on a strict rating process to give you the most accurate and up-to-date information. We prioritize transparency and honesty, which is why we evaluate and provide detailed information on a casino's licence, limits, fees, and other aspects that may impact your user experience. We take pride in our commitment to maintaining the highest level of integrity in our ratings, and our users can trust us to deliver unbiased and trustworthy verdicts of the casinos we evaluate.
Affiliate Disclosure
At CasinoBonusCA, we may receive compensation from our casino partners if you decide to register with them through the links we provide. However, we assure you that all the verdicts expressed are our own and reflect our honest and unbiased tests & analysis of the casinos we review.
Press the button on our site, create an account at Katsubet and deposit C$1 or more to grab your 50 free spins.
Bonus Details
After joining Katsubet and making your first deposit, you may redeem 50 free spins on Scroll of Adventure. These come with a 45x wagering and a maximum cashout of C$75.
Pros & Cons
Pros
Generous number of spins
An appealing slot
Cons
45x wagering
Verdict
After claiming the rounds via iDebit, we opened the Scroll of Adventure slot and used them. We found the website very easy to navigate and encountered no issues while playing.
There are plenty of methods to deposit with, including Bitcoin wallets. Above all, the internal payout processing is completed instantly.
Rate this Bonus
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
When you register, you may redeem a 10-spin bundle to use on Elvis Frog in Vegas. The incentive comes with 50x wagering requirements and a withdrawal cap of C$50.
Welcome package
By depositing qualifying amounts, you may enter a four-deposit welcome package. Know that you must fund your account with a sum exceeding C$20 each time, and what you’ll get is:
100% up to C$400;
75% up to C$500;
50% up to C$1000;
100% up to C$4100.
Each promo requires 45x wagering. There are no max cashout limits for this promotional scheme.
100 free spins
On your first deposit, you shall also receive 100 rounds to use on the following games:
Book of Dead;
Wolf Treasure;
Caishen’s Gifts.
Their wagering requirement stands at 50x the winnings, and you can get as much as C$100 after staking it.
Rate this Bonus
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
VIP List
4.9 / 5
Subscribers Only – Join Our VIP List to Get the Latest Offers
Subscribe to get the latest offers by email.
Your e-mail will not be shared with any third parties. By adding your e-mail you agree to receive daily casino promotions, and this will be the sole purpose it will be used for.
WELCOME PACKAGE UP TO C$6,000 OR 5 BTC + UP TO 200 FREE SPINS AT KATSUBET
1st deposit: 100% up top C$400 or 1.5 BTC + 100 free spins
2nd deposit: 75% up to C$600 or 1.25 BTC + 100 free spins
3rd deposit: 50% up to C$1,000 or 1.25 BTC
4th deposit: 100% up to C$4,000 or 1 BTC
Bonus Details
Katsubet Casino welcomes new players with a multi-featured package that spans across your first four deposits. Enjoy total match bonus of up to C$6,000 or 5 BTC, plus 200 free spins, all starting from a minimum deposit of just C$1.
35x wagering applies to both bonus and spins, and the max cash out is C$100.
Pros & Cons
Pros
Huge potential bonus spread across four deposits
Bonus available as both fiat (C$) and cryptocurrency (BTC)
Low C$1 minimum deposit
Cons
C$100 maximum cash-out limit is low given available bonus
Bonus Verdict
Katsubet Casino offers a powerful welcome package here, with C$6,000, or 5 BTC, available in match bonus across your first four deposits, as well as 100 free spins with each of your first two.
Keep in mind the C$100 maximum cash-out limit and the wagering requirement of 35x on both bonus and spins.
Rate this Bonus
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
The spins may be used on Elvis Frog in Vegas, so once you’ve created a new account, open this slot and use them. The wins count as bonus funds and are subject to 50x wagering. You have 2 days to fulfil this condition. Remember that you cannot withdraw more than C$50 from this promotion.
Spins on Deposit Terms
The spins will be granted after depositing more than C$20. They can be played on Platinum Lightning Deluxe, Wolf Treasure and Caishen’s Gifts. Also, any winnings must be wagered 50 times before cashing out up to C$100.
Pros and Cons
Pros:
You may withdraw up to C$50 after completing the wagering
There are no other requirements to claim the offer apart from creating an account
Cons:
The 50x wagering is above the industry’s average
You can only use the spins on Elvis the Frog in Vegas
Rate this Bonus
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
50 NO DEPOSIT FREE SPINS ON WILD CASH EXCLUSIVELY FROM KATSUBET
The Wild Cash slot is a favourite the world over, and you can grab 50 free spins on it – no deposit required – using bonus code: CASH.
Bonus Details
Our exclusive bonus code CASH is your key to unlock 50 free spins on the Wild Cash slot from Katsubet, with no deposit required.
Wagering of 45x, as well as a C$50 maximum cash out, applies to winnings from the spins.
Pros & Cons
Pros
Large number of spins for no deposit
Validity on a popular slot
Cons
Relatively high wagering
Verdict
Like the curry dish that gives them their name, Katsubet are spicing up your slots game with this offer. Simple to unlock and valid on a much-loved game, this is a tasty one for sure.
Just remember the bonus code is CASH and wagering + maximum cash out apply.
Rate this Bonus
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
★ C$2.5 AS 10 BONUS SPINS ON ELVIS FROG IN VEGAS AT KATSUBET
After joining Katsubet, you are up for a C$2.5 no deposit incentive. This will be granted in the form of 10 bonus spins on Elvis Frog in Vegas after creating an account.
Why we selected this offer
It is easy to redeem
It has a C$50 maximum cashout
It can be claimed and used on mobile
It is available on a popular slot.
Rate this Bonus
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
Sign up with exclusive bonus code 30BET to unlock 30 free spins at Katsubet Casino.
Bonus Details
Enter the bonus code 30BET to unlock these 30 free no deposit spins, valid on Wild Cash only. Any winnings must be wagered 45 times before you are eligible to make a withdrawal. The max cashout from this offer is C$50.
Pros & Cons
Pros
30 completely free spins
Simple to unlock
Cons
45x wagering requirement
Max withdrawal C$50
Bonus Verdict
Enjoy a substantial sum of spins without parting with any of your own money thanks to this no deposit offer. With 30 free spins to use on Wild Cash, this is one bonus that’s definitely worth signing up for.
Rate this Bonus
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
Katsubet Bonuses for Existing Customers
50 FREE SPINS ON FRUITBAT CRAZY FOR C$1 AT KATSUBET
If you must encounter bats this Halloween, it might as well be fruitful for you! At Katsubet, a mere C$1 deposit unlocks 50 free spins on the wild and wacky Fruitbat Crazy slot.
Just enter the code 50Haloween to claim your treat, keeping in mind that the winnings are subject to a 45x wagering requirement and a max cashout of C$50.
Rate this Bonus
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
Get 25no deposit free spins on Scroll of Adventure when you sign up at Katsubet using the bonus code: BET25. A 45x wagering requirement applies, as does a maximum cash out limit of C$40.
Rate this Bonus
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
Top Katsubet Bonus Alternatives
50 FREE SPINS ON SIGN UP ON IZZI ART AT IZZI CASINO
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
Disclaimer Gambling Addiction
CasinoBonusCA takes problem gambling seriously! We are dedicated to raising awareness regarding gambling addiction by providing information, resources and warning signs so that our users can prevent it from taking over their lives.
Halloween candies are all well and good, but who wouldn’t prefer to bag some gold? Join Katsubet for 35 free spins on Gold Mania, with no deposit required and add a touch of luxury to your Halloween experience. Winnings are subject to x45 wagering and a max cash out of C$50, while the bet size is C$0.02.
Rate this Bonus
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
This delectably juicy bonus from Katsubet Casino is just the ticket for a festive treat. Join using the bonus code 40SANTA for 40 free spins – no deposit needed – on Lucky Christmas 243. 45x wagering applies, and the max cash out is C$50.
Rate this Bonus
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
19+, play responsibly. This offer is not available to players residing in Ontario.
Look & Feel
3.0
Look & Feel
4.0
Look & Feel
4.5
Look & Feel
4.0
Look & Feel
4.5
Look & Feel
4.0
Payout Speed
4.5
Payout Speed
4.0
Payout Speed
3.7
Payout Speed
4.4
Payout Speed
4.8
Payout Speed
4.0
Slot Games
5.0
Slot Games
5.0
Slot Games
4.0
Slot Games
Slot Games
5.0
Slot Games
Live Games
4.5
Live Games
3.0
Live Games
4.5
Live Games
Live Games
5.0
Live Games
Bonuses
4.0
Bonuses
5.0
Bonuses
3.0
Bonuses
4.3
Bonuses
4.0
Bonuses
3.8
Loyalty
4.0
Loyalty
4.0
Loyalty
1.0
Loyalty
Loyalty
5.0
Loyalty
Customer Service
3.5
Customer Service
4.0
Customer Service
4.0
Customer Service
4.1
Customer Service
4.5
Customer Service
4.0
Licensing
5.0
Licensing
4.0
Licensing
3.0
Licensing
5.0
Licensing
3.1
Licensing
5.0
How We Rate Katsubet | In-Depth Review
Our review team comprises several industry experts who have collectively worked in just about every industry job possible. They are armed with our specialized review system, providing them with all the tools to analyze online casinos in Canada.
By providing vital insights, we’ll give you all the tools needed to make an informed decision about where you’ll be placing your next bet.
We aim to improve the Canadian iGaming industry by recommending online casinos that meet the highest industry standards. You’ll find detailed insights into payment options, gaming options, and mobile compatibility.
Katsubet Overview | Our Reviewers Found
Registration Process
2 mins
KYC Process
1 day
Game Types
Live casino, Slots, Scratchcards, Keno, Bingo, Mobile Games, Roulette, Jackpots, Baccarat, Classic Slots, Blackjack, Craps, Table games, Video Poker
KatsuBet has a fun, Asian theme with elements of samurai and martial arts. The theme extends to sections such as the promotions and VIP program.
Read on as our experts provide further details exploring the desktop and mobile versions. We’ll reveal the full useability of the platform and determine the mobile compatibility.
How to log in at KatsuBet Casino
Go to katsubet.com and click on the green “Sign Up” button
Enter your email and create a password
Select your currency and country
Accept the T&Cs and the privacy policy
Click “Sign Up”
Alternatively, you can sign up quickly by signing up via Google
How to verify KatsuBet Casino account
Log into your KatsuBet account, click on your account profile, and then “Profile info”
Next, click “Verification”
Click on each verification requirement and use the drop box to upload your document
Next, enter your phone number under “Phone verification”
Enter the verification code sent to your mobile via SMS
KYC documents
Identity: Passport, driving license, or government-issued ID card
Selfie: Photo of your face with your ID document
Address: Utility bill, phone bill, or bank statement
Payment: Screenshot of first deposit showing in banking statement
How to close KatsuBet Casino account
Log into your KatsuBet account and withdraw any remaining funds
Wait for your payout
Contact KatsuBet using your preferred support method
Request an account closure
Follow any prompts from the support operator
Desktop Preview
Visually, the desktop page feels quite modern with dark colours, sharp design, and user-friendly menus. Besides some banner ads, the casino doesn’t have any other visual elements and is actually rather simplistic.
Both the webpage and the games load quickly, and all the live games we played were in full HD. We also didn’t experience any lag during live streams.
The gaming sections feature a ton of game filters, and those filters are conveniently located at the top of the screen.
Mobile Preview
Just like most other mobile-optimized casino pages, the mobile version of KatsuBet looks almost exactly like the desktop page. The mobile version shares the same menus, useability, banner ads, and functionality.
Since the mobile page will be on smaller screens, you’ll likely experience a bit more scrolling through menus than you would using the desktop page.
We still didn’t experience any lag when playing slots or live games, and the live games continued to display at the highest resolutions. There was no indication of input lag, so the touch screen functionality is accurate and stable.
KatsuBet Casino mobile app review
The casino doesn’t offer a mobile app that you can download. However, KatsuBet does have a mobile-optimized web page that can be accessed using top mobile browsers such as Safari, Chrome, and Opera GX.
Slot Games 5 /5
KatsuBet has around 9,000 slot games from over 100 game providers including Pragmatic Play, Play n’ GO, and Wazdan. The catalogue covers a wide variety of themes and just about every popular game mechanic that we could think of was available.
All of the slots can be played in a free “demo mode”. This means you can play for free without any risk or financial reward. Real money bets start at C$.0.10 and we found plenty of games that let you bet up to C$100.
The casino platform provides a large number of game filters to help sort through the huge collection.
Best KatsuBet Casino slots
7Bit Bonanza
Beast Band
Japanese Coin: Hold the Spin
Gold Rush Johnny Cash: Hold & Win
Fortune Five
Wild Cash x9990
For the Realm!
Golden Dragon Inferno
Buffalo Dale: GrandWays
Buffalo Trail
Highest RTP slots from KatsuBet Casino
Zombie Queen (97.70%)
Ducks Till Dawn (97.69%)
Quest to the West (97.53%)
Grand Luxe (97.53%)
Griffin’s Quest (97.52%)
Griffin’s Quest Xmas (97.52%)
Safari Sam (97.50%)
Speakeasy Boost (97.49%)
At the Copa (97.42%)
Blazing Bull (97.42%)
Slots We Tested
Game
Provider
RTP
Fire&Steel
Betsoft
95.21 %
Twin Spin
NetEnt
94.04 %
Monster Pop
Betsoft
97.07 %
Dragon & Phoenix
Betsoft
96.01 %
Gates of Olympus 1000
Pragmatic Play
96.5 %
Slots Game Types
Fruit Machines
Megaways
High RTP
Classic
Bonus Buy
Penny Slots
Penny slots are games with low minimum bets – the lowest we found was C$0.10. Fruit machines are classic, 3-reel stepper-style slots. High RTP games refer to games with a high return-to-player which are slots that pay out less frequently but at higher amounts.
Bonus Buy games let players increase their stake in exchange for instant access to that game’s bonus feature. Megaways continues to be one of the most popular series at KatsuBet.
Slots
Jackpots
Classic Slots
Live Dealer Games 4.5 /5
There are just over 50 live dealer games, entirely provided by Live88. The casino offers baccarat, blackjack, roulette, Andar Bahar, Teen Patti, but zero poker titles. Despite the casino only having one game provider, there are still a variety of tables and different game versions.
You need to dig around a little to find the games because there is no game filter for the live casino. We did confirm four different game lobbies covering VIP titles, blackjack, baccarat, and roulette.
The full game rules for every game can be found within the game.
Live casino
Roulette
Baccarat
Blackjack
Craps
Table games
Video Poker
KatsuBet Casino Roulette games
Type of Roulette Game
Provider
Royal Riches Roulette
Live88
Portugues Roulette
Live88
Roulette
Live88
KatsuBet Casino Blackjack games
Type of Blackjack Game
Provider
Blackjack VIP
Live88
Spanish Blackjack
Live88
Blackjack Portuguese
Live88
KatsuBet Casino Baccarat games
Type of Baccarat Game
Provider
Speed Baccarat
Live88
Baruto Baccarat
Live88
Toyko Baccarat
Live88
Live dealer verdict
The live casino is small but there are plenty of different tables to keep things feeling fresh.
There are very few unique variants, with the major difference between most similar games being subtleties like betting limits. However, there are a few language games, such as Portuguese Roulette.
We did like the addition of less well-known Asian games like Dragon Tiger, Andar Bahar, and Teen Patti.
VIP tables offer limits of up to C$20,000, more than enough to please most high rollers, and plenty of tables accept bets as small as C$1.00 – perfect for new or novice players.
KatsuBet Casino table games
Blackjack
Roulette
Baccarat
Poker
Video Poker
KatsuBet has a great range of 3D table games. Each game type features a variety of themes and variations. Table gaming is also the only way you can play poker at KatsuBet.
Payments 4.5 /5
Ecopayz
Neosurf
Skrill Moneybookers
MiFinity
EcoVoucher
Bitcoin Wallets
Maestro
MasterCard
MuchBetter
iDebit
Visa
Interac
KatsuBet has every type of banking covered. You can use Visa, Mastercard, and Maestro cards, Interac, Paysafecard, and MuchBetter. Several older digital payment methods are still available including Neosurf and Skrill
The casino also accepts several popular cryptocurrencies including Ethereum, Bitcoin, Dogecoin, and Tether.
KatsuBet Casino deposit process
Log into your KatsuBet account and click on the green “Deposit” button
Select your deposit method
Enter the amount you wish to deposit
Provide the required banking account details
Add a bonus code, if you wish, and then click “Submit”
What is the KatsuBet Casino minimum deposit?
The minimum deposit requirement at KatsuBet varies between the different payment options. For example, Neosurf is only C$10, credit cards only require C$20, and cryptocurrencies will accept a C$1 deposit.
KatsuBet Casino withdrawal process
The withdrawal process at KatsuBet is quick and simple:
Log into your KatsuBet account and click on “Wallet”
Next, select “Withdrawal”
Choose your withdrawal method
Enter the amount you wish to withdraw
Input your crypto address or account number
Click the green “Withdraw” button
KatsuBet Casino withdrawal time
Firstly, it appears Canadian players can only withdraw using cryptocurrencies, Skrill, or MiFinity, at this time.
The general withdrawal processing time is within 24 hours, and, with instant transaction speeds, it is possible to receive a near-instant payout.
Withdrawal limits vary by banking method, but the minimum withdrawal requirement is C$30.
Reasons for KatsuBet Casino payout problems
Technical faults or issues
Your identity needs to be verified or reverified
You haven’t cleared a wagering requirement
KatsuBet Casino fees
KatsuBet does charge some transaction fees when depositing and making withdrawals. Credit card transactions and bank transfers incur a 2.5% fee, while some cryptocurrencies incur a very nominal charge of around C$1. The remaining methods do not incur any fees.
Dormant accounts may incur a C$10 monthly admin fee. Requesting a withdrawal without meeting the minimum wagering requirement will also incur a 10% fee.
Payments verdict
Payouttime: KatsuBet can facilitate instant withdrawals, but payouts shouldn’t take longer than 24 hours
Paymentmethods: The casino currently supports several cryptocurrencies for withdrawals, alongside Skrill and MiFinity.
Payoutlimits: The maximum possible withdrawal is C$16,000 but this limit can be increased at higher VIP levels
Overallverdict: KatsuBet provides blisteringly fast payouts and a wide selection of deposit methods. However, a few traditional withdrawal options for Canadian players would be handy
We are casino security experts with an excellent record in determining the authenticity and legitimacy of casino license claims. We’ll confirm whether a license is genuine and determine if the casino is truly legitimate.
This also includes checking the operator history, testing payment security, and analyzing the website’s overall encryption and security.
KatsuBet Casino Trustworthiness
Details
Company
Dama N.V.
Year of establishment
2020
Company Registration Number
152125
Address
Scharlooweg 39, Willemstad, Curaçao
Curacao
Is Katsubet Legit?
Dama N.V. is well-known to us, and we have reviewed numerous online casinos from this legitimate operator. KatsuBet has a genuine and up-to-date license from the Curacao Gaming Control Board (license no: OGL/2023/174/0082).
The casino also has Provably Fair games. These are titles in which the legitimacy of the games can be proven using cryptography.
Is KatsuBet Casino safe?
KatsuBet provides extensive responsible gaming tools and links to assistance.
eCogra
Provably Fair
Solid Oak Software
256-bit SSL encryption
GamAnon
Gamcare
Customer Service 3.5 /5
The casino provides 24/7 support via email and live chat. You can also get quick answers to simple questions using the FAQs section. However, the questions and responses are fairly generalized and will likely only assist very novice players.
How to contact KatsuBet Casino
The live chat feature can be found as a pop-up at the bottom of the screen. You’ll initially be in contact with a chatbot, but you can immediately reach a real operator. During our tests, a live operator was always available within a few minutes.
Email support is available at “[email protected]” or by using the web form located under “Help” and “Support” at the bottom of the website. Our emails were responded to within 24 hours.
How we tested customer support
We tested the response times by asking questions during off-peak and on-peak hours. By asking difficult and simplistic questions, we could assess the level of the support team’s professionalism and the quality of their responses.
Customer support verdict
Responsetime: Live chat operators will connect within minutes, but email support can take up to 24 hours
Staffavailability: Support is available 24/7 at KatsuBet
Overallexperience: It took a few minutes to get the live chat to pop up, but otherwise we found the support team to be prompt and very accurate
The loyalty program at KatsuBet has eight levels and players are automatically opted in once they sign up for a casino account. You can increase your ranking by earning Status Points. One status point is earned for every C$85 spent on slots and C$410 spent playing live casino games.
We noticed that the terms and conditions have a few interesting caveats. For example, low-risk strategies will not earn Status Points. So, most outside bets on roulette will not earn points.
The bonuses have specific requirements and restrictions. For example, you can only withdraw C$100 from birthday free spins.
VIP levels & benefits
Level
Benefits
Level 1 – Jade Talisman
100% up to C$200 Birthday Bonus
100KP = C$1 Exchange Rate
Level 2 – Suneate
25 Free Spins Birthday Bonus
25 Free Spins Level Up Bonus
100KP = C$2 Exchange Rate
Level 3 – Kote
50 Free Spins Level Up Bonus
100KP = C3 Exchange Rate
C$10 Birthday Bonus
Level 4 – Sode
C$10 Level Up Bonus
100KP = C$4 Exchange Rate
C$30 Birthday Bonus
Level 5 – Haidate
C$35 Level Up Bonus
100KP = C$5 Exchange Rate
Personal VIP Host
C$50 Birthday Bonus
Level 6 – Do
C$100 Level Up Bonus
100KP = C$6 Exchange Rate
Personal VIP Host
C$100 Birthday Bonus
Level 7 – Katana
C$300 Level Up Bonus
100KP = C$8 Exchange Rate
Personal VIP Host
Personal Withdrawal Limits
C$250 Birthday Bonus
Level 8 – Kabuto
C$500 Level Up Bonus
100KP = C$10 Exchange Rate
Personal VIP Host
Personal Withdrawal Limits
C$750 Birthday Bonus
Where Does KatsuBet Casino Shine?
Very high VIP live dealer bet limits of up to C$20,000
Features over 9,000 excellent slot games
Instant withdrawals using cryptocurrencies & e-wallets
Great bonuses are offered at each VIP ranking
Where Does KatsuBet Casino Fall Short?
No bank card or bank transfer withdrawals
Small live casino
What Is KatsuBet Casino Best For?
Despite a small number of games compared to numerous competitors, KatsuBet is best for high roller betting on live dealer games. Even the lowest limit games let you bet up to C$5,000.
But the VIP games have incredible limits of up to C$20,000 – many popular competitors are capped at C$5,000.
Is KatsuBet Casino Right for You?
Unless you’re after specific progressive jackpot slots or extremely unique live casino games, KatsuBet will have plenty for you to enjoy.
The live casino is small, with limited variants and no game shows. However, the tables are professional, and the betting limits will easily cater to all player types – including high rollers. We think the slot collection will impress pros and novice players alike.
Our experts also agreed that the VIP program is among the strongest in Canada and the average player is likely to earn great bonuses.
Instant payouts are possible too. We felt the cashier supported a wide range of deposits, but players will need to use an e-wallet or crypto token to request withdrawals. We think this is worth it, to enjoy a casino that provides your winnings within hours.
Slots
Jackpots
Classic Slots
Live casino
Roulette
Baccarat
Blackjack
Craps
Table games
Video Poker
Ecopayz 
Neosurf 
Skrill Moneybookers 
MiFinity 
EcoVoucher 
Bitcoin Wallets 
Maestro 
MasterCard 
MuchBetter 
iDebit 
Visa 
Interac 
Curacao
